Water Structure and Science, Site News and History

**Major update history**; see also Edits
Date	Update
Sept 2, 2022	References 4501 - 4600 page started
Jan 4, 2022	References 4401 - 4500 page started
Nov 8, 2021	At last updated my files since problem last December. They are dated when I last updated them off-line.This website changed its address from www.lsbu.ac.uk/water on November 8, 2021 due to a situation beyond my control.
Jul 29, 2021	References 4301 - 4400 page started
May 7, 2021	Separate Seawater page started
Feb 23, 2021	References 4201 - 4300 page started
Jan7, 2021	Added the Enzymic reactions in biphasic liquid systems section
Dec 21, 2020	5000 references passed
Oct 28, 2020	Airborne water added
Oct 13, 2020	References 4101 - 4200 page started
Aug 20 2020	Added the Hydroxyapatite and bone section
Aug 11 2020	New anomaly (liquid-liquid transition) added
Aug 7 2020	Added the Aqueous silicates page
Aug 6 2020	Added the Aqueous phosphates page
Jul 28 2020	Added the Aqueous borates page
Jul 6 2020	Added the nitrogen oxides, nitrous and nitric acid sections
Jul 6, 2020	References 4001 - 4100 page started
Jul 3 2020	20-year anniversary of this web site
Jun 15, 2020	Added extensive material concerning sulfur acids
Mar 14, 2020	References 3901 - 4000 page started
Mar 8, 2020	Aqueous hydrogen halides page started
Feb 29, 2020	Aqueous imidazole section started
Jan 16, 2020	Aqueous H₂S page started
Nov 7, 2019	References 3801 - 3900 page started
Oct 26, 2019	C₁₈ and other carbons page started
Aug 21, 2019	References 3701 - 3800 page started
Aug 18 2019	Aqueous ammonia page started
May 10 2019	Ice VIII page started
May 8, 2019	References 3601 - 3700 page started
Jan 7, 2019	References 3501 - 3600 page started
Oct 2, 2018	Added a Liquid Water page
Sept 26, 2018	Ran through site with a Grammar-checker
Aug 23, 2018	Solubility of gases section started
Aug 16, 2018	References 3401 - 3500 page started
Jul 18, 2018	Greek symbols page started
July 4 2018	Added Redox reactions of O₂ to the Oxygen and water page
July 1 2018	Added Peroxide and oxygen radicals to the updated Oxygen and water page
Jun 24 2018	Split off the Diffusion and Brownian motion pages
Jun 14, 2018	References 3301 - 3400 page started
May 6, 2018	Moved the Driving cars using water section to its own page
Feb 7, 2018	References 3201 - 3300 page started
Jan 17, 2018	Added the Nafion^® and dielectric constant, temperature and pressure sections
Nov 10, 2017	References 3101 - 3200 page started
Oct 21, 2017	Pure water and solubility page started
Sept 28, 2017	Thermodynamics, introduction page started
Sept 12, 2017	Water vapor page started
Aug 15, 2017	References 3001 - 3100 page started
July 17, 2017	Reorganized the Nanobubbles page
May 17, 2017	References 2901 - 3000 page started
Nov 12, 2016	References 2801 - 2900 page started
Nov 9, 2016	Added Ice XVII section
Oct 1, 2016	Added Metal interfaces section
Sept 1, 2016	References 2701 - 2800 page >started
July 14, 2016	Combined the Water molecule pages
Jun 8, 2016	References 2601 - 2700 page started
June7, 2016	Added Small water Clusters section
June 4, 2016	Added Membrane Hydration page
Mar 16, 2016	Added Water and Astrobiology page
Mar 3, 2016	Split Water Hydrogen bonds onto another page with minor editing
Mar 1, 2016	Separated Hydrogen bonds onto its own page
Feb 28, 2016	Added Clathrate s-III (ice XVII ?) section
Feb 22, 2016	References 2501 - 2600 page started
Feb 1, 2016	Added Water related data page
Dec 16, 2015	Separated Capillaries onto its own page
Nov 16, 2015	Added Water: a brief history of its science page
Oct 25, 2015	Separated Osmotic Pressure onto its own page
Oct 13, 2015	Added Logarithmic relationships emanating from 228 K unexpected property
Sept 10, 2015	References 2401 - 2500 page started
Aug 18, 2015	Added 73^rd anomaly; imaginary dielectric constant minimum near 20 K
July 9, 2015	Separated Water Redox onto its own page
July 6, 2015	Separated Ortho-water and Para-water and Molality and Molarity onto their own pages
July 4, 2015	Separated Aqueous Alcohol onto its own page
June 23, 2015	Separated Water Density and Supercritical Water onto their own pages
May 15, 2015	Separated Water Dimer onto its own page
Apr 17, 2015	References 2301 - 2400 page started
Jan 2, 2015	Added ice XVI page
Nov 5, 2014	Separated Mpemba Effect onto its own page
Oct 26, 2014	Added 72^nd anomaly; negative electrical resistance
Sept 17, 2014	References 2201 - 2300 page started
Aug 24, 2014	Added Water on Earth page
Aug 23, 2014	Introduced the frequency/conductivity anomaly
July 23, 2014	Changed the name and updated the two-state cluster history page
July 10, 2014	Added Ice 0 animation
Apr 19, 2014	References 2101 - 2200 page started
Jan 20, 2014	Added nanobubbles to the self-generation of osmotic pressure at interfaces page
Nov 6, 2013	Added molecular size anomaly
July 28, 2013	References 2001 - 2100 page started
May 9, 2013	Added osmotic pressure theory for nanobubble stability
Oct 3, 2012	Added temperature-enthalpy of vaporization relationship to unexpected properties
Sept 26, 2012	Transferred in my Enzyme Technology ebook
Aug 2, 2012	Added the molar ionic volume anomaly
July 13, 2012	References 1901 - 2000 page started
July 1, 2012	Added a page on water electrolysis
May 26, 2012	Added a Periodic Table
May 19, 2012	Added ice structural data
May 12, 2012	Added section on the edit history
May 11, 2012	Added another anomaly concerning the isotope effect in ice
May 1, 2012	Added section on the aqueous environment in the colon
Apr 24, 2012	References 1801 - 1900 page started
Apr 15, 2012	Paper models of a truncatedicosahedral water cluster (2)
Apr 10, 2012	Chime animations replaced by Jmol (with thanks for the help from Paul Pillot)
Apr 3, 2012	Solid geometry of the icosahedral cluster (Java)
Mar 28, 2012	All PDB files are now directly readable and available
Mar 19, 2012	More on cluster networks
Dec 6, 2011	Haiku (Roumiana Tsenkova) page
Sept 2, 2011	Self-generation of osmotic pressure at interfaces page
Feb 16, 2011	References 1701 - 1800 page started
Sept 22, 2009	References 1601 - 1700 page started
Sept 7, 2009	Added the proton kinetic energy anomaly
Oct 17, 2008	Split the ionization page to give hydrogen ion, hydroxide ion, and Grotthuss pages
Sept 26, 2008	Added the NMR shift anomaly and references 1501 - 1600 page
Sept 5, 2008	Added the surface density anomaly
June 25, 2008	Split Protein folding and denaturation page from Protein hydration page
June 22, 2008	Changed footer style
June 20, 2008	Split Ices page from Phase Diagram page
June 17, 2008	Added a shorter version of the properties of water page
June 15, 2008	Split Visitor's Book and added a further data page
May 24, 2008	Changed header style
May 22, 2008	Included section headings in the Sitemap
Apr 27, 2008	Converted to XHTML 1.0 with more use of CSS
Mar 24, 2008	Confined water and references 1401 - 1500 page started
Jan 16, 2008	Wiggins paper no longer hosted
Oct 26, 2007	References 1301 - 1400 page started
Sept 4, 2007	Added gas-liquid interface and nanobubbles pages
July 2, 2007	Important constants and conversion factors put on their own page.
July 1, 2007	Removed use of 'cow' structure files due to a chirality bug.
May 27, 2007	Added 'Memory of water' page
May 24, 2007	Site name changed to 'Water Structure and Science'
May 12, 2007	References 1201 - 1300 page started
Mar 17, 2007	Animated {Mo₁₃₂} nanocapsule + C₆₀ page
Mar 11, 2007	{Mo₁₅₄} nanowheel page
Feb 22, 2007	Nanodrop page
Jan 6, 2007	Added aqueous fullerene (C₇₀) solutions
Dec 5, 2006	Ion hydration page brought together
Oct 29, 2006	Colligative properties page
Oct 29, 2006	References 1101 - 1200 page started
Aug 22, 2006	Renewal of Anomalies pages, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
May 20, 2006	Sitemap page
May 15, 2006	Water and life page
Apr 21, 2006	Style reformat
Apr 12, 2006	References 1001 - 1100 page started
Jan 26, 2006	Water and health page
Dec 14, 2005	Cyclodextrins pages
Nov 14, 2005	References 901 - 1000 page started
Oct 24, 2005	Updated orbitals diagrams (water, water dimer, H₃O⁺ and OH⁻, H₃O₂⁻, H₅O₂⁺)
Aug 5, 2005	New introductory hydrogen-bonding page
Aug 4, 2005	New introductory water molecule page
Aug 3, 2005	Update gas clathrate page including CS-II and HS-III
June 28, 2005	Viscosity-temperature strange property of water
June 10, 2005	References 801 - 900 page started
May 20, 2005	Methods of water structure analysis page
May 5, 2005	History of water clusters page
April 1, 2005	Gas clathrate page split to give cluster page
Dec 22, 2004	References 701 - 800 page started
Nov 22, 2004	Amorphous ice page
Oct 30, 2004	Wiggins paper page added
Oct 26, 2004	Style reformat
Oct 17, 2004	Printer-friendly pages added
Sept 3, 2004	Watterson paper page added
June 22, 2004	Intracellular water page
Mar 11, 2004	References 601 - 700 page started
Mar 2, 2004	A vibration anomaly
Feb 17, 2004	A dielectric anomaly
Dec 30, 2003	Alternative icosahedral clusters
Oct 10, 2003	Conductivity anomaly
Oct 3, 2003	A new structural anomaly
Sept 3, 2003	Reformat
July 28, 2003	Minor reformat
July 11, 2003	Hydrophobic hydration page
July 4, 2003	Weird properties of water page
June 28, 2003	References 501 - 600 started, plus agar, gellan and curdlan pages
Jan 16, 2003	Water activity page
Jan 1, 2003	Alternative clusters and nanodrop (Chime, later Jmol) pages
Dec 9, 2002	Equilibrium animation
Sept 3, 2002	References 401 - 500 started
Aug 16, 2002	Ice IV page added
July 14, 2002	Site reformat as 'Water structure and behavior'
June 29, 2002	Added gum arabic page
June 19,2002	Extra interactive pages for new ActiveX controls + high-pressure ice structures, V, VI, VII, VIII, and XII.
Jan 8, 2002	Alginate junction zone proposal
Dec 20, 2001	Aqueous fullerene (C₆₀) solutions
Nov 28, 2001	Kosmotropes and chaotropes
Nov 13, 2001	Theory for homeopathy mechanism announced
Sept 26, 2001	Updated microwave heating
July 26, 2001	Added extensive hydrocolloids section
May 8, 2001	References 301 - 400 started
Apr 21, 2001	References 201 - 300 started
Mar 10, 2001	Water models and aqueous biphasic systems
Jan 18, 2001	Updated anomalies and their explanations, and added hydration of carbon dioxide
Jan. 4, 2001	Updated declustered water, and added pentamer orbitals and microwave heating
Nov 25, 2000	Mpemba effect and the hydration of sulfate
Aug 11, 2000	Protein hydration and nucleic acid hydration
July 3, 2000	Date site 'Water: its structure and importance' uploaded, including pages on: the water molecule, hydrogen-bonding, water data, water spectrum, water clusters, water ionization, anomalies, polysaccharide hydration, and phase diagram