Water Site Visitor's
Book Archive 2000-2003
Thank you for visiting. You can now post
your news and views
Please note that some of the links referred to below are no longer available
Recent postings, 2007-present
Recent postings, 2004-2006
Thank you very much. May the web be full of
compendia just like this! A small question/suggestion: is there
a site with experiments and demonstrations one can do at home?
Maybe you could suggest such demonstrations through your text?
Thank you again!
Omer Moussaffi <
mousomer@mail15.com>
Useful - Saturday, November 29, 2003 at 14:27:36 (GMT)
Excellent overview of possibly the most amazing substance in
the universe. One suggestion: a section for kids that puts across
some of the ideas and concepts in an easy-to-understand way.
Key things that kids always ask (possibly due to standard school
curriculum homework assignments): why does an ice cube melt
faster in fresh water than in salt water? why does hot water
freeze faster than cold water? (your answer is excellent, but
too hard for the average kid to understand) where does the energy
come from when water freezes and expands? In other words: I'm
suggesting a sort of "Easy-to-Understand Questions &
Answers" section.
Barry Shell -
http://www.science.ca
Useful - Tuesday, November 25, 2003 at 19:42:57 (GMT)
Martin
replies: A good suggestion. In the meanwhile, I can direct FAQ
seekers to your site, just enter 'water' in the 'search' box.
You have created an amazing site. Have spent hours scanning
it and will come back again. One omission is the Costa Rebeiro
effect, what's the latest on this ?
Bob Davies
Interesting - Sunday, November 23, 2003 at 00:33:46 (GMT)
Martin replies: This thermodielectric
effect is overviewed [551]
but does not seem to be a particularly strange property specific
to water/ice.
very compliments for all of the work about this important and
so much intresting part of chemistry. I hope you will go on
in this way of studies.
mattia tenuta - student of chemistry at university of calabria
(italy)<
moochienorris12@virgilio.it>
Useful - Tuesday, November 11, 2003 at 19:35:03 (GMT)
Dear Martin, I found your website to be
an excellent compendium of information on water. I consult it
regularly. Thank you.
Bruno Tomberli <
tomberli@physics.uoguelph.ca>
Useful - Tuesday, November 11, 2003 at 16:12:06 (GMT)
I have been searching for a synthetic filter media/screen that
will support and maintain water droplets (beads) on the outlet
surface of the media using hydrostatic pressure only. Any ideas?
Thank you for a useful and informative site.
Chris Costa <
costafamily@netscape.net>
Useful - Friday, November 07, 2003 at 21:35:07 (GMT)
I am writtng a proposal about water model, and this site can
be an important resource. Martin, Thanks a lot!
vitamin
Useful - Friday, November 07, 2003 at 05:05:34 (GMT)
I am amazed at the content and clarity of this site. This site
has quickly become an invaluable resource for my studies. Thank
you for the time and effort you've all put in. Alex.
Alexander S Richards <
alex_richards@lineone.net>
Useful - Friday, October 31, 2003 at 23:37:55 (GMT)
Came in to look for one item and have been back often to discover
others. Well done, very broad, it has inspired me to write my
stuff for the web.
Ted Lamont - http://wwwstaff.murdoch.edu.au/≈ tlamont/ <
tlamont@murdoch.edu.au>
Useful - Tuesday, October 28, 2003 at 05:26:16 (GMT)
I am a magnet therapist and recommending magneting water to
my patients for better recovery.wow it is a greatful that u
have put of lots of efforts to make the public aware of magnetised
water.By providing the knowledge of magnetic water to all one
can help to build up a healthier and happier nation with less
sufferings. in future all the informations pertaining to the
magnetic water may please be emailed me to enrich my knowledge.
thanks once again for your hard efforts.
Dr.Kamaljit Singh M.D.(A.M.),Ph.d <
dr_kjs@yahoo.co.in>
Useful - Sunday, September 14, 2003 at 13:37:21 (BST)
An excellent summary of the unusual physical
and chemical properties of water. You can supplement this with
chapters on heavy water and tritiated water, the Derjaguin controversy
of a new form of water, the Benveniste story and homeopathy,
the difficulties in purifying water etc. Thank you again, Zahir
Sheik Zahir <
szahir@swissonline.ch>
Useful - Sunday, August 24, 2003 at 15:51:49 (BST)
Martin
replies: Some of the Benveniste story is given as is the Derjaguin controversy and some heavy water data.
forms of water
rollyreyes <
rollyreyes@gmvcorp.com>
Useful - Monday, August 18, 2003 at 01:36:55 (BST)
Thank you for sharing this material. I
found it useful for teaching and research purposes. Pilar Buera
Pilar Buera <
pilar@di.fcen.uba.ar>
Interesting - Wednesday, August 13, 2003 at 15:52:02 (BST)
Dear Mr. Chaplin... This is, probably,
the best site about WATER in the world. Always up-to-date. Excellent
site! N. Antunes - S. Paulo - Brasil
Nelson M. Antunes - <
nelsonmaf
@ hotmail.com>
Useful - Monday, August 11, 2003 at 16:37:56 (BST)
*lol*, your website sucks!!! :-D
Paul Eder
Waste of time - Tuesday, August 05, 2003 at 16:08:32 (BST)
Martin replies: Rather negative!
It is always nice to know why?
I need to know the electrical resistivity of water resistivity.
Can you help? Kwasi
Kwasi Akrobotu <
hlitaco@yahoo.co.uk>
Interesting - Tuesday, August 05, 2003 at 09:36:54 (BST)
Martin replies: The resistivity
is the reciprocal of the conductivity (18 Mohm cm).
Water is totally in this
site. I like to tell nothing more than that
nirmalrpathak <
nirmalrpathak@yahoo.com>
OK - Friday, August 01, 2003 at 23:15:04 (BST)
Dear Sir Fantastic site and I would like
to think there is a book made with all the information. Can
you please advise me. Thanks a lot Roy
Roy Irvine <
royairvine@yahoo.co.uk>
Useful - Thursday, July 24, 2003 at 18:27:13 (BST)
Martin
replies: There are no plans as I wish it to be always up to
date.
Incredibly vast terrain of scientific
work. A very useful well of information. Thank you
for the answers I was able to find. Determination of p
Ka by
Capillary Electrophoresis and the effects of high voltage. (water
orientation and destructuralisation).
Oby Debs <
obayda.debs@umontreal.ca>
Useful - Wednesday, July 23, 2003 at 22:26:27 (BST)
Dear Dr. Chaplin: Wonderful resource -
Thank you for sharing your research. Allan Pither, University
of Florida
Allan W Pither -
http://nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu/≈ pither/ <
pither@ufl.edu>
Useful - Tuesday, June 24, 2003 at 13:19:28 (BST)
Excellent! Great work. Very interesting.
I'm interesting in methods for splitting water molecule, to
H and O (great fuel, no?). Except electrolysis, is there an
alternate method to do this, with low consumption energy? I
know, this is a dream, but....
Dan Dumitrescu <
dandu@go.ro>
OK - Monday, June 23, 2003 at 14:43:51 (BST)
This is a wonderfull site. You do a lot
of work. Thank you very much. P. Viollaz
pascual viollaz <
pascu@di.fcen.uba.ar>
OK - Thursday, June 19, 2003 at 16:02:52 (BST)
great work I want to know if a strong
magnetic field applied to a current of steam has some effect
in its heating capacity thank you.
Enrique Guerrero <
uegagod@hotmail.com>
Useful - Wednesday, June 18, 2003 at 23:50:56 (BST)
Martin
replies: It may reduce the heating capacity of the condensing
steam.
Martin, One question.
What kind of water do you drink?! Tap? Bottled? Which brand!
thanks for the informative site...rare to find this quality
of info - in any source! Tj Marbois
TJ Marbois <
tj@sub-tract.com>
OK - Saturday, May 31, 2003 at 09:43:18 (BST)
Martin
replies: Tap, mostly.
Extremely useful,
very well structured and researched I have just started some
research into foods for patients with dysphagia in order to
obtain my MSc in Food Technology. We are looking for thickening
and gelling agents that are more heat stable than what we are
currently using. This website has given me a good grounding
to start the research off Regards Andrew Sayer P.S. Any suggestions
would be greatly appreciated
Andrew Sayer <
asayer@hotmail.com>
Useful - Wednesday, May 28, 2003 at 18:00:39 (BST)
Очень интересный
сайт. Я узнал
много ранее
неизвестного
мне про воду.
Я воспользовался
некоторыми
таблицами
при подготовке
лекций по физике
коллоидов.
Проф.M.Chaplin, Вы проделали
гигантский
труд по систематизации
знаний о воде.
Поднимаю бокал
воды за Ваше
здоровье !
Valery Babak - INEOS RAS, Moscow <
babak@ineos.ac.ru>
Useful - Tuesday, May 13, 2003 at 18:10:27 (BST)
This is great. really GREAT. I cannot imagine how much work
you put into it. I am currently doing a research on water psuedoscience.
Great way to understand what it really means. I just wanna ask
one question, this has been on my mind. R.O. (reverse osmosis)
water claims to be one of the purest water out there. I understand
that pure water cannot be acidic nor alkaline. R.O. water is
pH 6.5-6.8, which means it is not pure. Is this because of the
ineffeciency of R.O. water to filter volatile organic contaminants?
ng jyun yyan - <
pleaselovebear@yahoo.com>
Useful - Tuesday, May 13, 2003 at 17:38:14 (BST)
Martin
replies: pH is a poor indicator of purity as, for example, dissolved
CO2 will acidify water (see
also dissociation page).
Excellent resource! I have been looking for this scope and quality of information
on water and its anomalous behavior for some time. Would you
be kind enough to share your insights into a particular problem
I am dealing with? I am trying to measure (to a precision of
1 millidegree) the melting temperature of very small (200-300nL)
aqueous solutions held in a glass capillary (≈ 200 micron ID,450
micron OD,1 cm long). I am using NaCl solutions with concentrations
that range up to 500 milliOsmoles/Kg H2O for testing purposes
as they have known freezing point depressions. The capillaries
are supercooled to ≈ -25 deg C in an aluminum block to cause
sample nucleation and the temperature of the block is then slowly
ramped linearly to 0 deg C. The sample is backlit and the ice
crystals that form are viewed under a microscope. Temperature
is controlled / measured by a thermistor in the block adjacent
to the capillary and the "melting point" is identified
as the temperature at which the last ice crystal disappears.
My problem is getting repeatable melting temperatures using
such small samples. I get excellent results with larger samples
but they are an order of magnitude worse ( +/- 10 milllidegree
C)with those of 200-300nL. Would you have any suggestions as
to what might be at play here that causes an apparent volume
dependence in the repeatability ? Might the geometry of the
sample and surface effects between the sample and the glass
be a factor? Thank you in advance for any suggestions you might
provide.
Pete Emond <
petee@aicompanies.com>
Useful - Tuesday, May 06, 2003 at 21:35:23 (BST)
Martin
replies: It is possible that (a) the ice is formed, initially
trapping some liquid water due to the large surface/volume ratio,
so that some (later-formed) ice is held at high pressure and/or
(b) gas bubbles are formed on freezing at the relatively large
glass/ice surface that partially insulates the ice. Any more
help from out there?
Great work. Very
interesting. Nice resource. Will come back. Maybe you're interested
in our work on the magnetic analogue of ice: "Spin Ice".
For review: S.T. Bramwell and M.J.P. Gingras, "Spin Ice
State in Frustrated Magnetic Pyrochlore Materials"; Science,
{294}, 1495 (2001). Michel Gingras
Michel Gingras - <
gingras@gandalf.uwaterloo.ca>
Useful - Thursday, May 01, 2003 at 18:21:37 (BST)
Thanks for the work and links.
Prof. Robert Hasenohr <
hasenohr@rcsed.ac.uk>
Interesting - Friday, April 25, 2003 at 14:51:27 (BST)
Nice initiative this water site I need
help for two questions : What is the influence of calcium carbonate
on the water pemittivity? What is the influence of permittivity
on polymorphism forms of calcium carbonate ? Thank you by advance
Bonjour Christian -
http://www.hevs.ch <
christian.bonjour@hevs.ch>
OK - Sunday, April 20, 2003 at 20:49:35 (BST)
Martin
replies: Both effects are expected to be very small or not measurable.
Can anyone throw more light?
Nice information
on water resources. I have a small question. Does water
leads to increase in body weight due to some kind of impurities.
sanjeev -
http://www.indiaserver.com
Interesting - Thursday, April 17, 2003 at 08:02:19 (BST)
Martin replies: Drinking plenty
of water has health benefits. Any associated weight gain is
not harmful.
About kosmotropes and chaotropes: if we consider H
2PO
4− as a chaotrope and HPO
42− as a kosmotrope,
then the lyotropic effect of phosphate buffer is thought to
change as a function of pH, for example, 0.1 M phosphate buffer
pH 6.0 is expected to be chaotropic whereas at pH 8.0 it will
be kosmotropic. Is that correct ? Do you think you could send
me specific references about lyotropic properties of H
2PO
4− and HPO
42− ? With many thanks. P. Masson,CRSSA
Grenoble-La Tronche, Fr Dr Chaplin: your site is more than useful,
it is an outstanding mine of information. Congratulation!
Patrick Masson <
pymasson@compuserve.com>
Useful - Wednesday, April 09, 2003 at 17:02:58 (BST)
Martin
replies: It is correct but any effect will be confused by the
other phosphate ions present and the pH. Does anyone know of
a specific reference?
Could anyone back up my argument that different brands of bottled
water and tap water differ in weight and therefore some make
you pee pee more than others. If so send me an email at damien.flannagan@quaestor.co.uk
Cheers PS love the website
Damien Flannagan <
damien.flannagan@quaestor.co.uk>
Interesting - Tuesday, April 08, 2003 at 14:32:32 (BST)
Very good!!!
Kim <
yourielstar@msn.com>
OK - Tuesday, March 25, 2003 at 04:33:43 (GMT)
As a marathon swimmer, your immersion in water certainly goes
deeper than mine.
Ted Erikson -
http://www.sdogv.com <
umbra1226@aol.com>
Useful - Monday, March 24, 2003 at 22:32:15 (GMT)
Hello, My name is Andrea, I'm a chemistry
student doing a project on the mpemba effect. This site has
been of great help. thank you very much.
Andrea Verhaegen <
verhaegenandrea@hotmail.com>
OK - Monday, March 10, 2003 at 16:09:40 (GMT)
I am now inspired for my art works, theme "Water". Thank you.
Anita Sjolind <
anita.sjolind@stenebyskolan.se>
Interesting - Sunday, March 09, 2003 at 22:11:07 (GMT)
Top website !!
Phil Brighton (Bsc ENVIRONMENT) <
philbrighton70@hotmail.com>
Interesting - Wednesday, March 05, 2003 at 09:53:59 (GMT)
Most interesting and informative site.
Andrew - <
gedavies@compuserve.com>
Interesting - Monday, February 10, 2003 at 12:15:54 (GMT)
Just a very quick note. Consider this, years ago we use to use
canvas bags to hold drinking water. If you put hot water in
the bag and then hung it in front of the radiator it would get
very cold. Conversly if you put in cold water it would warm
up to the temperature of the day. Just thought it was interesting
in your hot and cold in a deep freeze. hank
hank baker <
habaker@shaw.ca>
Interesting - Friday, February 07, 2003 at 18:14:16 (GMT)
Is not the Mpemba phenom comparing apples to oranges? If one
were to submit "hot" samples every minute into a freezing environment,
one would find that the first one in (now the cold water) would
be the first to freeze and the last on in ("hot") would be the
last to freeze. In other words - use the exact same water.
Rusty
Useful - Tuesday, January 21, 2003 at 19:41:09 (GMT)
Martin
replies: A better comparison would be to place both hot and
cold samples in the freezer at the same time, then the 'hot'
sample freezes first at least some of the time; see Mpemba
effect.
Congratulations Martin,
a very good, well organised site. A notable lacuna is hydration
forces. These are so important in ultrastructural biology and
colloid science that I expect to see them on a comprehensive
page such as yours. You might think of putting in a link to
Adrian Parsegian's site dealing with this important effect,
or perhaps to our site where we discuss it in the context of
its relation to
unfreezable
water. Best wishes and good luck Joe Wolfe, UNSW, Sydney
Joe -
http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/≈ jw/unfreezable.html <
J.Wolfe@unsw.edu.au>
Useful - Friday, January 17, 2003 at 23:08:07 (GMT)
Wow! What an interesting website for
both myself and my 4th grade students. Several of the students
would like to ask what kitchen additives (ex. salt and sugar)
can affect the boiling point of water? Thanks again for such
an informative site.
Mrs. Carolyn Penner <
carolynp@dinuba.k12.ca.us>
Useful - Friday, January 03, 2003 at 21:59:37 (GMT)
Mr. Martin Chaplin Your site web is great.
I am student of the University of Valley Cali Colombia, and
I research into the magnetic effect on water to apply to agriculture,
I found serious references in your website that I will try
to obtain and seek other recommended papers that I found on
the internet. I tried to obtain these papers on-line, but the
journal is only on-line since 2000. I wrote editor of journal
and I am waiting the response. I believe that these papers can
be important. The journal is Magnetic and Electrical separation
and the papers are the following; Mag. Electr. Sep. vol. 3 (1992),
p. 93, vol. 5 (1993), p.71, vol. 7 (1996), p. 77, vol. 8 (1998),
p.239. In the IEEE Transactions on Magnetics there is a paper
of Mr. Kronenberg. The references is IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,
Vol. Mag-21, No. 5, September 1985, pp. 2059-2061. Are there
other important documents concerning the magnetic field effects
on water?
Mauricio López Obando <
maolopo@telesat.com.co>
Useful - Tuesday, December 24, 2002 at 18:08:31 (GMT)
Very useful....Congratulations...
Dr. Osman KOPTAGEL <
koptagel@yahoo.com>
Useful - Tuesday, December 03, 2002 at 13:58:40 (GMT)
Very useful site. I found the enzyme site very rewarding to
read. I have only glance at the vast text on hydration. I have
students doing a project in food preservation where water activity
is important. ! Yes keep up the fantastic work - A seldom seen
comprehensiveness on the net
Philip Oppenheim <
popenheim@hotmail.com>
Useful - Tuesday, November 26, 2002 at 02:21:29 (GMT)
I'm really pleased to find a site as comprehensive as this.
Excellent.
Pete Williams -<
info@turismotec.com>
Useful - Friday, November 15, 2002 at 14:35:31 (GMT)
Great site - keep it up.
Mark Scriven - <
mscriven@turismotec.com>
Useful - Friday, November 15, 2002 at 14:32:53 (GMT)
Water might be the most remarkable substance. After browsing
through this site, I believe this. In any case, this site is
most remarkable!!
Michael Flohr -
http://www.itp.uni-hannover.de/≈ flohr/ <
flohr@itp.uni-hannover.de>
Useful - Thursday, November 14, 2002 at 22:55:41 (GMT)
Great Site: How much we have to know to realise how little we
know!
Les Gilmer <
gilmer@cox.net>
Interesting - Tuesday, November 12, 2002 at 02:31:47 (GMT)
Merci, j'ai trouvé des infos pour mon exposé...pierre
Pieces Auto Binet - http://www.binet-lyon.com
OK - Sunday, November 10, 2002 at 09:37:46 (GMT)
Pretty extensive stuff. Very impressive.
Lieven <
lieven.simon@jesus.ox.ac.uk>
Interesting - Thursday, October 31, 2002 at 11:52:11 (GMT)
Professor Chaplin, Paper towels absorb
water in two ways: 1. Like a sponge in microscopic spaces between
the fibers. 2. The cellulose plant fibers soak up water molecules.
Any water behavior to further explain or to add detail to the
above statements. I am doing a grade school science experiment.
Your website is intense. Thanks, Greg Erie, PA
Gregory Chludzinski - <
g.man52@verizon.net>
Interesting - Tuesday, October 29, 2002 at 00:18:34 (GMT)
Dear Professor Chaplin, I think your site
is absolutely fantastic. I have been very interested in studying
the properties of water, and your site seems to be the very
best. Congratulations!
Vanessa Richardson <
vanessa_richardson@blueyonder.co.uk>
Interesting - Sunday, October 27, 2002 at 12:28:39 (GMT)
Great site
Andy - OK - Saturday, October 26, 2002 at 07:18:33 (BST)
Great site<
helrazin@netscape.net>
Useful - Friday, October 18, 2002 at 18:55:42 (BST)
Dear Professor Chaplin, We've been looking
all over the internet, libraries, the science citation index
and whatnot, and were unable to find any information concerning
the interaction between microwaves and water molecules. Luckily,
we found your page. Besides that, your page also provided us
with a wealth of useful information on related subjects and
we are very very grateful for your efforts. Thank you very much
for saving our physics project, Hanneke and Martijn
Hanneke Janssen and Martijn de Wild <
martijnw@sci.kun.nl>
Useful - Thursday, October 17, 2002 at 14:35:34 (BST)
Just checking out your site. Lynn
Interesting - Tuesday, October 15, 2002 at 01:03:52 (BST)
I am Valentin Magidson, a physicist working for Applied Materials
Israel. I found your site about water very interesting. It is
really exciting, thank you. I have a question: where it is possible
to find a temperature dependence of the liquid water O-H bond
infrared absorption spectrum (around 3 microns wavelength) at
the constant pressure, particularly for the normal pressure
value? I only have found some data on the temperature blue shift
in the constant volume experiments with high pressures developed
while heating.
Valentin Magidson <
valentin_magidson@amat.com>
Useful - Sunday, October 13, 2002 at 12:41:03 (BST)
I found it very useful in my report on the physical and chemical
properties of water in my chemistry class. I recommended this
site to all of my friends for reference. Good job. Sarah
Sarah -
http://www.neopets.com/guilds/guild.phtml?oid=amethystsmg
OK - Monday, September 16, 2002 at 21:34:43 (BST)
Extremely useful site and really helped me with my "importance
of Water" essay I had to do for Biology. Very good.
Jamie P
Useful - Saturday, September 14, 2002 at 21:44:39 (BST)
This site is really outstanding in the collected information
on water and ices. I already learned a lot and will return soon
to read more. C.L. (Ph.D. student in Food Technology - Subject:
Phase changes (of water/lipids) under high pressure)
Cornelius Luscher <
cornelius.luscher@tu-berlin.de>
Useful - Wednesday, September 11, 2002 at 14:34:01 (BST)
Dear Professor Chaplin, As an industrial
practitioner in the art of manufacturing ultra high purity water,
I have found your site to be one of the most extraordinary resources,
no, THE most extraordinary site on water that I could even imagine.
I have learned more about water in the first half hour of finding
your site than I have accumulated from all sources in my 25
year career. I thank you and remain awestruck by your beautiful
and eminently qualified work. My sincere thanks.
Bob Livingston <
Bob@arionwater.com>
Useful - Friday, September 06, 2002 at 22:07:00 (BST)
Extremely useful source of information regarding water, not
even talking about the comprehensive reference list and ice
structures in PDB format (which I sought for a long time). I
used to give lectures about water in my University, but I found
a lot of things new to me on this site. I think, it would be
nice to compile the content in a downloadable PDF brochure,
because in the current form it is a sort of "spaghetti" heap
of html pages.
Anatoly Chernyshev -
http://www.geocities.com/a_chernyshev <
ada@polarhome.com>
Useful - Wednesday, August 28, 2002 at 19:00:16 (BST)
Martin replies: I will try to better organize the 'spaghetti'
but I believe that science is not one-dimensional and a Web
format suits it better than a book. I provide a searchable
index as a pasta short-cut.
I have a question: Does magnetised water have any beneficial
effects on human health. J F Thompson
John Thompson -
http://www1.lsbu.ac.uk/water/magnetic.html <
josathompathcom.com>
OK - Friday, August 23, 2002 at 01:17:58 (BST)
Martin
replies: We await proof.
A very interesting homepage. I have a question on the hydration
or cations such as sodium in water and ice. What happens with
the hydration of sodium when an aqueous solution is cooled down
and ice is formed. What is the effect on the self-diffusion
of sodium. Thanks
Luc Van Loon <
luc.vanloon@psi.ch>
Interesting - Wednesday, August 07, 2002 at 16:47:14 (BST)
Martin replies: As the ice forms
the ions will concentrate in the remaining liquor. When concentrated
and cold enough this will form a glass. If the temperature is
not low enough to form the glass the sodium ions may still diffuse
within the remaining aqueous pools as they would (allowing for
temperature and concentration change) in water. If a glass is
formed their diffusion should not be measurable.
Martin, What a great site. I have always been
fascinated by water since my A Level course in the dim &
distant past. Without it, I would be out of a job (plus a few
other things)! Let's hope Dr Evil, FB and the fembots do not
get any ideas from it about ruling the world!
Richard Laishley <
richardlaishley@hotmail.com>
Interesting - Tuesday, August 06, 2002 at 22:36:04 (BST)
It is the most exhaustive collection of information on water.
May I suggest inclusion of details about water within biological
cells, how it is playing the role as "solvent" or
structural entity? In the protein-protein interaction within
the cell what is state of the water of hydration of the components?
ATREYI <
mahamaha@bgl.vsnl.net.in>
Useful - Friday, July 26, 2002 at 07:38:54 (BST)
Martin
replies: There are reviews on water in living cells (for example, [89, 374, 476]. Specific
hydrogen-bonding water molecules may be required for biologically
correct protein protein interaction (for example, [377]).
Just stopped in for a visit, nice site
Owner Financing -
http://www.ownerwillcarry.com
OK - Monday, July 22, 2002 at 02:27:18 (BST)
Bravo! A very interesting and very useful
site. I found the section concerning the molecular vibration
and absorption of water very informative. Thank you and keep
up the good work.
Dr. Andrew Hind
Interesting - Tuesday, July 16, 2002 at 07:03:02 (BST)
Dr. Chaplin: I salute you! Having read
lots of superficial/limited websites on hydrogen-bonding, I
was elated to stumble upon this one. A question: It's been noted
that histidine ligands in multinuclear Zn sites in proteins
"stabilise the positive charge" by donating an hbond
to a second-shell residue. How exactly does this hydrogen bond
compensate for the positive charge? Is it correct to say that
the positive ions polarise the N-H bond on the imidazole ring,
making it more likely to donate a hydrogen bond? Could we say
that any ligand would have a higher probability of donating
a bond?
Shyam Prabhakar <
shyam@stanford.edu>
Useful - Thursday, July 11, 2002 at 01:24:51 (BST)
Very interesting website about water.
Willem Piening <
wolfje@pandora.be>
Interesting - Monday, July 08, 2002 at 13:57:35 (BST)
DEAR DR CHAPLIN: I have study your water
site and I think is the best information that I have ever read
about water. I am working with Dr. Korotkov Kirlian camera in
the analysis of water and objects, but this is a very new area.
I have found that the kirlian image of the common water is very
different of the image of magnetic water, mineral water, and
many others? ¿Do you believe in the capacity of water to guard
external information? I have seen that water is very sensible
to the human magnetism, like the radiation of the human hand.
If you know how to get information about this I will appreciate
your answer. Darío Salas Sommer M.D.
Dario Salas Sommer <
darisal@entelchile.net>
OK - Friday, July 05, 2002 at 22:01:40 (BST)
Does boiling or freezing change the pH of water? Does boiling
or freezing deplete the oxygen content of water? Thanks.
Henry <
hpeisch@netvision.net.il>
Useful - Monday, June 24, 2002 at 11:19:47 (BST)
Martin replies: Both the pH and molecular oxygen content of liquid
water decrease with increasing temperature. Freezing water reduces
the solubility of oxygen to zero in the ice crystals but it
may not be able to escape. The pH of ice is about 10.
Very interesting site. As a microwave engineer, I would be interested
in more detail on the complex dielectric permittivity of water
from DC up to a frequency of 100 GHz. Thank you to the authors
for a very worthwhile contribution to cyber-space.
Dr Rick Keam -
www.kha.co.nz <
rickk@kha.co.nz>
Interesting - Sunday, June 16, 2002 at 09:55:51 (BST)
Dear Sir, I have found your website interesting,
but it has not given me the information I need. I am a graduate
student at the University of Alabama. I am doing research involving
water and what happens to it in solutions of particular salts.
I need to know the number of water molecules that are associated
with a single ionic unit, i.e.sodium or lithium or magnesium,
etc. Could you please direct me to a website that will give
me this information. I have found a lot of information in your
site that seems to allude to it and give energy of hydration
but I need this number. Thank you very much Sincerely Melanie
L. Moody
Melanie L. Moody <
moody009@bama.ua.edu>
Interesting - Monday, June 10, 2002 at 18:55:38 (BST)
Martin
replies: The exact hydration number varies with how it is determined
(for example, I. Danielewicz-Ferchmina and A. R. Ferchmin,
Mass density in hydration shells of ions, Physica B 245 (1998) 34-44).
Dear
Dr. I am really glad to have found your website. Slowly
I will digest most of the info. At first sight, jumping from
one place to other I failed to find any references to the work
of an Italian chemist who worked in 1950-1970 period. His name
is Giorgio Piccardi and claimed to have found several anomalous
effects induced by physical means in water colloids. During
several decades I wondered if that reports were independently
confirmed or rejected. He jumped from physical-chemistry to
medical climatology, trying to link those phenomena to human
health. Any info about this research line will be greatly appreciated.
Congratulations, Roberto Ferrari
Roberto Ferrari <
roferrar@satlink.com>
Useful - Friday, June 07, 2002 at 19:18:09 (BST)
Martin
replies: Giorgio Piccardi is said to have made the telling statement: It is not a good procedure to deny something one sees only
because there is no way to understand it. Although his
experiments on the effect of the sun's position and activity
on aqueous chemical phenomena have been criticized [357],
there is reason to believe that these criticisms themselves
are flawed (for example, [363])
and there has been some subsequent confirmation, for example, [358].
The site was really useful for me as I was doing a paper on
the anomalies of water. The best site I found of water... so
good work and I hope you carry on enlarging it. Triinu from
Estonia
Triinu Tõrv <
tttriinu@yahoo.com>
Useful - Sunday, May 19, 2002 at 15:03:22 (BST)
I thought the work was very nice and polished but it would be
nice if u had a place where people would ask questions and you
can answer.
jen <
fbbsll@twy.com>
Misleading - Thursday, May 16, 2002 at 22:46:34 (BST)
Martin
replies: Ask away, by email or via this Visitor's book.
A refreshing site after all the speculation on "structured
water." I found the summary on ionization and average molecular
weights of hydroxide and hydronium complexes quite useful (I
develop ultrapure water instrumentation).
Paul Melanson <
twistyman@aol.com>
Interesting - Wednesday, May 15, 2002 at 21:01:02 (BST)
Water structure may be caused by actions of solutes. There is
some evidence in U.S. patent no. 5,672,253, "Apparatus
for making hexagonal and pentagonal molecular water structure".
Please edit if too long. Thanks.
parhatsathid nabadalung <
parhat@hotmail.com>
Hard going - Sunday, May 05, 2002 at 05:56:37 (BST)
Martin
has severely abbreviated and edited this as the original contribution
repeats earlier contributions (see below) and was considered
too long. There does not seem to be much need of 'proof' or
'evidence' in such patents.
I found this site very interesting. But I have a ? that I couldn't
find the answer to. If you placed a drop of water in a petri-dish
and you placed small beads (small enough to place 4 or 5 of
them in the drop) into the drop. Then you moved the drop of
water around in the petri-dish the beads would remain in the
drop of water. I would like to know why this is so. If you can
provide the answer this ? please e-mail me at Apifiny@hotmail.com
Thank You.
Matt Romanowicz <
Apifiny@hotmail.com>
Interesting - Sunday, May 05, 2002 at 03:34:56 (BST)
Martin
replies: This is due to the high surface tension of water not
allowing the beads to escape..
This website was a great help to me in appreciating the complexity
of water. I had been reading Philip Ball's (Nature's editor)
on water, but this--this is really fascinating. Thank you for
taking the time to arrange such a wonderful resource!
Grace Kim <
gk166@columbia.edu>
Useful - Tuesday, April 30, 2002 at 07:39:14 (BST)
Small Clusters vs. Hard Water Althought
the point is not very clear from a scientific point of view,
it has been suggested that small water clusters, with
lower surface tension, are good for you. However such
clusters may be produced by ions or alcohol which have other
health-affecting effects. So it seems, small cluster theory
and its relations to our health, is at least tenuous.
parhatsathid nabadalung <
parhat@hotmail.com>
OK - Thursday, April 18, 2002 at 11:54:43 (BST)
Martin
replies: In line with the authors permission, I have shortened
this note.
Some recent photos of the terrain on Mars have led to speculation
that water erosion had been occurring recently there. In view
of the low atmospheric pressure (about 1 to 10 mm Hg, given
the irregular shape of the planet and seasonal changes), and
colloidally suspended iron oxides found by the Pathfinder robotic
expedition, I wonder whether erosion might be by a deliquescent
ferrous (chloride?) solution rather than pure water. Any comment
on this idea?
John Michael Williams <
jwill@AstraGate.net>
Useful - Sunday, April 14, 2002 at 00:17:15 (BST)
Martin
replies: The concentrations could not be that great.
At present, I've made a paper about determination of hydrogen
peroxide concentration in water by NIRS. I want to know the
structure of hydrogen peroxide in water. Please let me know
a related paper of that. Thank you very much.
Hun Rang Lim <
ultung97@hanmail.net>
OK - Friday, April 12, 2002 at 08:46:37 (BST)
Martin
replies: There has been much work on the gas phase structure
but can anyone help with the solvated structure?
Dietary fiber and hydrocolloids. Scientists
have suspected that plant fiber contains silica, which has been
proven to be necessary for the human diet. So the fact that
dietary fiber works, besides in helping aid digestion could
be the silicon content which is lacking in Western diets. Far
Eastern people have far better skin quality because of their
staple rice consumption which is high in powdered rice husks
known to be rich in silica content. Water promotes our body's
ability to absorb silica through a form of hydrocolloids. However
I have found out the reason why they are so well absorbed has
very much to do with our body's slow absorption process. If
the mineral salts are taken slowly, as in natural mineral water,
our ability to absorb is much better than taken in "tablets"
due to their high concentration. Taking mineral in dissolved
forms or minerals suspended in colloids actually improves our
ability to absorb them provided that they are taken slowly over
a period of a day instead of just "popping pills"
parhatsathid nabadalung <
parhat@hotmail.com>
OK - Wednesday, April 10, 2002 at 03:02:47 (BST)
Martin
replies: An interesting point. The text has been edited down
in line with the authors instructions.
MAGIC AND FASCINATING BEST REGARDS MIRJANA VOJINOVIC-MILORADOV
PROFESSOR, UNIVERSITY OF NOVI SAD
Mirjana Miloradov, prof.University <
miloradov@uns.ns.ac.yu>
Useful - Sunday, April 07, 2002 at 18:52:00 (BST)
A fascinating site, both instructive and entertaining: the kind
of site you warmly recommend your students to visit...but you
are the first to read everything! Thanks also for the abundance
of links (and for the number of references, that was a great
job) [A suggestion for another link: "
http://webexhibits.org/causesofcolor/";
this site is not 100% complete, but contains many pages in which
connections between colour and water are presented] Fabrizia
Grepioni
Fabrizia Grepioni <
grepioni@hotmail.com>
Interesting - Monday, March 18, 2002 at 07:43:11 (GMT)
Dear Prof. Chaplin, this is an excellent,
unbiased and extensive introduction to water and you provide
a most useful guide to its many puzzling anomalies. The general
public and the water science community can only benefit from
such a work.
Matteo Buzzacchi, Ph.D. <
matteo.buzzacchi@mi.infn.it>
Interesting - Wednesday, March 13, 2002 at 01:52:52 (GMT)
Mr. Martin, excellent Site, plentiful
of wonderful information, Came to your page from a post in our
discussion list (sacredlandscape.list) where we used to discuss
about practical uses to the platonic solids. I'm really impressed
with the use of their structures to reveal the mysteries of
the water. Very good job, keep on. Alexandre,
Alexandre César Weber <
weber@carrier.com.br>
Useful - Tuesday, March 12, 2002 at 11:19:25 (GMT)
Dear Professor Chaplin, your website has
been an incredible encyclopedia of information fundamental to
my PhD foundations. Thank you for investing the time to produce
such a well rounded product. Kind Regards, Chris Kerrisk
Christopher Kerrisk <
chris_kerrisk@hotmail.com>
Useful - Sunday, March 10, 2002 at 21:23:26 (GMT)
Dear Professor Chaplin, Your site is wonderful.
I have advised by graduate students to make use of the data
at your site during my class on interfacial phenomena. Thank
you for your effort, and please continue the site.
Bill Kolling, Ph.D. -
http://www.ulm.edu <
pykolling@ulm.edu>
Useful - Thursday, March 07, 2002 at 17:11:51 (GMT)
I browsed on into your site after a search on Google. I noticed
you had some information on the 'small cluster' drinking water
products. I have been drinking water from a San Diego company
for about eight months, and the experiential results bear up
to their claims, especially for athletic performance. Personally,
I drink it because it helps greatly with concentration. I'd
be interested in scientific comparisons between the different
drinking water products that claim to provide better hydration.
Gen Kiyooka -
http://www.digigami.com <
listgen@digigami.com>
Useful - Saturday, March 02, 2002 at 15:43:21 (GMT)
Martin
replies: I would also like to see some properly conducted scientific
trials. It is well known that there is a placebo effect at work
here, but is there anything else (!?!). I have removed the advertisement
from the above message.
Extremely cool site. Especially the fact that it is updated
very often with an excellent reference list! Keep up the good
work. It would be nice though to add a surfactant (micelle/vesicle/inverted
hexagonal) chapter, or something like that, but that's just
a personal interest...
Jaap Klijn - <
jaap_klijn@hotmail.com>
Interesting - Monday, February 25, 2002 at 19:40:55 (GMT)
Dr. Martin - Congratulations on a clean explanation of our most
valuable asset, "WATER". I am pleased that more of
us are taking the time to see what it is that makes up most
of all our cells and ourselves. It is water, pristine and clean.
An essence that we all need and want. Eric Olson www.hydralife.com
Eric Olson <
eric@hydralife.com>
Useful - Saturday, February 16, 2002 at 02:24:25 (GMT)
Great job, very enlightening and federative, you offer the backbone
for the future knowledge tree of water science. Long life to
your site
Bizot Herve' <
bizot@nantes.inra.fr>
Useful - Friday, February 15, 2002 at 16:00:50 (GMT)
Help!! My 9 year old son is dying to know why the water spins
counter clockwise as it goes down our drains at home in the
USA. Why does it spin at all? Why counter clockwise? Would could
be done to make it spin clockwise? Thank you so much. I hope
someone can read this and send me an answer. Water sure is cool!!!!!
Virginia Bamford 650-851-5631 or Vbamford@aol.com
Virginia Bamford <
Vbamford@aol.com>
Interesting - Saturday, January 19, 2002 at 04:03:43 (GMT)
Martin replies: This is due to
the Earth slowly spinning (counter clockwise as viewed from
above in the northern hemisphere, clockwise as viewed from above
in the southern hemisphere) under the water; see the Scientific
American site
This is an absolutely fantastic site. Few people realise just
how incredible water is and take it so much for granted .Mr
Chaplin, your website is mind - blowing. Amazing, literally
!
tim
Interesting - Tuesday, January 15, 2002 at 16:57:38 (GMT)
Absolutely informative, intelligent & well researched. To
put in a nutshell it is a site as COOL as WATER
Prasad <
prasadkshetty@indiatimes.com>
Interesting - Sunday, December 30, 2001 at 15:18:49 (GMT)
Congratulations for your very nice and informative site. Best
regards Claudio Zannoni
Claudio Zannoni -
http://www.fci.unibo.it/≈ bebo/z/ <
Claudio.Zannoni@cineca.it>
OK - Saturday, November 24, 2001 at 18:36:16 (GMT)
Willards water, microwater, microhydrin in water etc. Most of
the discussions centers on the surface tension changes in water
with the introduction of silicates and solutes. However, the
idea of homeopathic medicine using dilution in the treatment
of disease is nothing new and has been known by Hippocrates.
However, we have as yet to explain why these medicines work
when mixed with such kinds of water........
Parhatsathid Nabadalung <
parhat@onebox.com>
Hard going - Wednesday, November 21, 2001 at 15:25:02 (GMT)
Martin has abbreviated and edited
this as the original contribution was considered too long.
I found this site extremely fascinating and will definitly be
returning to it in the near future and recommending it to everybody,
It has deepened my interest in this wonderful little molecule
Vincent Cauvin-Gray <
bb01vvc@brunel.ac.uk>
Interesting - Tuesday, November 20, 2001 at 21:23:04 (GMT)
Dr. Chaplin, I am a chemist and an MD.
This material is really great for self learning, as a refreshment
course and for teaching to all levels. Thanks a lot. A suggestion:
it would be interesting to include water molecules in hydrated
crystals with different grades of hydration (one, two or more
water molecules associated to the crystal) as CaCl
2 (Calcium Chloride), Sodium Sulphate, etc. With my best regards.
Carlos
Carlos Javier Garcia-Valdes <
carlosjaviergv@netscape.net>
Useful - Monday, November 19, 2001 at 18:56:04 (GMT)
Dear Dr. Chaplin, this is an excellent
and instructive site. I have a question about H
2O
and D
2O. D
2O seems to stabilize protein
complexes, including microtubules. I knew this idea years ago
when I was a undergraduate student on the cell biology course.
I do not have the textbook in hand, but I have just found several
old papers about that issue: Cell 1988, 52:935; Nature, 1969,
221(180):563; J Biol Chem 1970, 245(15):3733; J Cell Biol 1975,
64(1):42. The main point is that D
2O really does
affect the assembly of protein complex. Do hydrogen bonds or
hydrophobic effects play important roles? I think this
could be helpful for this fascinating website. Best regards.
Chen Chen <
cche1@jhmi.edu>
Useful - Tuesday, November 13, 2001 at 02:43:45 (GMT)
I would recommend you to send an URL link to our common friend
Prof. Poltorak OM in MSU. I am almost sure he will be glad to
look at your excellent site on the anomalous properties of water
and water structure. Best regards, Ivan.
Ivan Torshin <
tiy135@yahoo.com>
OK - Tuesday, November 06, 2001 at 21:17:57 (GMT)
I'm always looking for fresh ways to present material to my
classes and myself too. Your site goes a long way in doing that.
Thanks!
Jere M. Marrs <
marrsj@pacificu.edu>
Useful - Tuesday, November 06, 2001 at 05:51:51 (GMT)
Dear Mr Chaplin, Thank you for this very
useful site. It has helped me greatly in my A level course.
This site gave me the information I was looking for. Thank you
again.
Brian Noble
Useful - Friday, November 02, 2001 at 12:10:40 (GMT)
Dear Martin Chaplin: Thank you for your
excellent water site. I am now a college student in USTC (the
Univ. of Sci & Tech of China) and I would like to ask some
questions that have always confuse me. In a simplified but correct
view, can we regard the water's internal energy as being composed
of linear energy, rotary energy and vibratory energy? If the
answer is yes, how about the proportion of them? And how about
the microwave's effect on the water's energy distribution? I
also want to know more articles in the field of water, so can
you help me? And thank you again for your work!
Ning Zhi <
ningzhi@mail.ustc.edu.cn>
Useful - Monday, October 22, 2001 at 03:34:31 (BST)
Martin
replies: The simplified view can only be supported for the gas
phase. The internal energy of water in the liquid phase is far
more complex.
Fascinating. You may like to know of Stafford Beer's work on
the application of icosahedral structure to work groups of thirty
people (one person for each edge). Each vertex represents a
topic for discussion. It is the largest symmetric form in which
each member has potentially the same context and perspective
for decision making and equipartion of information. Beer calls
this team syntegrity. This is not uncontroversial and it was
with great delight that I have told him of your work. Stafford
Beer "Beyond Dispute" Wiley 1994
Nick Green <
nick_green@hotmail.com>
OK - Tuesday, October 02, 2001 at 21:53:40 (BST)
That's the way reviews should be done ! Congratulations.
Nic
: - Friday, September 21, 2001 at 15:14:16 (BST)
I work as science education associate here in the University
of the Philippines. Can I ask for your suggestion on the sequence
and concepts for teaching grade 7 to 13 students? Thank you
Please send your suggestion on my e-mail, Sheryll
Sheryll I. Espinocilla <
espinocilla_19@lycos.com>
Useful - Wednesday, August 08, 2001 at 07:07:06 (BST)
Dear Martin Chaplin, I think your site
is brilliant. I am a sculptor working in a wide range of media
on the theme of water but without its actual presence. If you
know anyone researching unusual aspects of water who would consider
engaging in a creative arts/science dialogue I should be most
interested. Best wishes, Antonia Spowers
Antonia Spowers - http://www.wiz.to/spowers/index.htm <
ant@spowdesign.go-plus.net>
OK - Wednesday, July 11, 2001 at 00:18:42 (BST)
Do you have any information on an alloy of copper and zinc creating
a catalytic effect to reduce the scaling tendencies of hard
water?
Tom Martin -
http://www.goodwaterco.com <
pvwc@goodwaterco.com>
Useful - Tuesday, June 26, 2001 at 17:27:28 (BST)
Martin
replies: No, but I am sure that if brass worked then I would
have.
Dear Martin, Congratulations on a wonderful website. I disagree
with the explanation for the
Mpemba
effect. Here in Philadelphia, we occasionally have some
very cold weather, low temperatures of 0 to -10F. During these
times, if a water pipe in your home is going to freeze, it is
invariably the hot water pipe that freezes first. Both pipes
have equilibrated to room temperature, 60 to 70F, and are at
the same pressure, 45 to 60 psi. The difference is that one
pipe contains water that began at perhaps 40F and slowly warmed
to room temperature, the other pipe started with the same water
but was heated to 120 to 150F before slowly cooling to room
temperature. I had always believed, perhaps incorrectly, that
the previously heated water freezes first because gas solubility
had been reduced by heating, the gas forms bubbles that had
not yet redissolved, and that dissolved gas trying to escape
during solidification has the effect of increasing pressure
and thus suppressing the solidification temperature (When molten
iron solidifies, the pressure of the gas generated can reach
several atmospheres, even when starting with only 30 ppm oxygen
in the liquid, and can cause an improperly handled ingot to
explode. People have been killed by this effect.). Another consideration
is that rejection of the solute gases is simply diffusion rate
dependent, and that in highly ordered systems diffusion becomes
a bit more difficult. Maybe the energy required to nucleate
a bubble in water near the freezing point is sufficient such
that the liquid with the fewest bubbles to nucleate wins the
freezing race.
Best regards,
Bill McCauley <
wmccauley@Electro-Nite.com>
;-Tuesday, June 05, 2001 at 4:32 PM
Martin
replies: Yes, clearly dissolved gas may be an important contributory
factor to the mechanism I describe.
Dear
Martin, I "visited" your site on water and
really enjoyed reading all the information. Particularly the
emphasis on structural aspects of short lived clusters is very
interesting. The chapter explaining qualitatively the "anomalies"
is also extremely interesting and should interest many teachers
at all levels as it promotes the way of thinking when one does
research. Congratulations. Best regards
José Teixeira
:-Tuesday, April 10, 2001 at 09:34 (BST)
Hi, I am doing research for a school science
project. My project is " Do different types of water effect
how long an icicle is". For my project I am using rain
water, sugar water, salt water, and tap water and testing to
see which icicle will form to be the longest. If you have any
information on if adding things to water have an effect on how
long an icicle or any other information concerning my topic
it would be a big help to me if you would E-mail it to me. Thank
You
Barbara Robinson <
Barmazz@aol.com>
Useful - Sunday, March 25, 2001 at 02:55:13 (BST)
You need a better OPINION choice than OK! You need superlatives
such as magnificent or marvellous. Our group has done research
on Zeta Potential as applied to the human body - and water is
a big part of our program. We take baseline measurements of
the patient and then treat with anionic surfactants and R.O.
water. We are also investigating magnetic water and electrostatic
charge on water to use in conjunction with our current program.
I can say without exception, that yours is the best source of
information about water. Best of all, you keep up-dating your
site and expanding the pool of knowledge.
Jane Kress <
Jane@zetaresearchgroup.com>
OK - Thursday, March 22, 2001 at 05:25:51 (GMT)
Loved your site. Please elaborate for me why liquid drinks like
iced tea or herbal teas are not to be considered as part of
our daily water intake. Thank you.
Kathy Parent-Lew <
parentlew@juno.com>
Useful - Monday, February 26, 2001 at 19:02:58 (GMT)
Martin
replies: Whether to include them or not depends on the advisor.
Where they are not included, it is because of the diuretic action
of caffeine (or other such herbal solutes).
RE: SNOWBALL EARTH. Can you explain to me how ice freezes so
that it becomes transparent? Is it due to consecutive freeze-thaw
actions, or is it related to the 'speed' at which the water
freezes, or the mineral content, or it's turbidity...or something
else?
Shane Pereira <
Shane.pereira@genzyme.com>
Interesting - Monday, February 26, 2001 at 13:50:02 (GMT)
Martin replies: Over a long period
of time at a temperature slightly below zero (particularly in
an oscillating temperature regime) large ice crystals tend to
grow at the expense of small crystals (This is actually unwanted
when it occurs in ice-cream). A consequence is that glacial
ice has very large, and hence transparent, crystals.
Dr. Chaplin, Your water site is excellent.
Thank you for it.
David Ross, USGS/Menlo Park
: - Thursday, 22 February 15, 2001 at 06:03 AM
Dear Martin Chaplin, Thank you for very
useful website. Sincerely,
Alexander Zasetsky, University of Waterloo, Waterloo,
Canada
: - Thursday, 15 February 15, 2001 at 15:15 PM
Dear Professor Chaplin, The
water site you offered scientific community is very welcome!
There are many interesting informations. I'd like to add three
references, in connection with microwave effects on water: 1.
Rai S., Singh U.P., et al., Effect of water's microwave power
density memory on fungal spore germination, Electro- and Magnetobiology,
13(3), 247-252, 1994. 2. Rai S., Singh U.P., et al., Additional
evidence of stable electromagnetic field induced changes in
water revealed by fungal spore germination, Electro- and Magnetobiology,
13(3), 253-259, 1994. 3. Kmecl P., Jerman I., Skarja M., Microwave
electromagnetic fields affects the corona discharge pattern
of water, Proceedings of the 4th EBEA Congress, Zagreb, Croatia,
18-22 November, 1998. Regardes, Simona Miclaus, Sibiu, Romania.
Simona Miclaus -
http://dreamwater.org/miclaus <
s.miclaus@personal.ro>
Useful - Thursday, February 15, 2001 at 07:43:35 (GMT)
Interesting and most comprehensive that I have seen on the net.
My interest is paper physics and in particular cellulose debonding
in the presence of water. Any pertinent references? Keep up
the good work!
Paul Shallhorn <
paul_shallhorn@yahoo.com>
Interesting - Monday, February 12, 2001 at 14:49:45 (GMT)
You kept me captivated with your information.
andrea buchanan
OK - Monday, January 29, 2001 at 03:43:21 (GMT)
Dear Martin, You have an excellent site,
to say the least. I give some of the "water" topics
in my Physical Environmental Chemistry course, I hope you will
not mind if I direct my students to your page. Best regards,
Igor Svishchev
: - Monday, January 22, 2001 at 5:28 PM
Dear Martin Chaplin, Thank you for the
courtesy of making me aware of the "Water" website.
Interesting: yes
Informative: yes
Attractively produced: yes.
Misleading: partly. This needs an explanation. When you write
about "strongly bound" water, do you know any interaction
stronger than a hydrogen bond in which a water molecule could
participate?
With best regards.
Felix Franks
: - Monday, January 22, 2001 at 11:55 AM
Andreas
Zavitsas replies: If "hydrogen bond" refers
to the strength of binding of water molecules to each other,
then the answer is that there are many examples for much stronger
binding with both cations (Al3+, Ca2+,
Li+, etc.) and anions (F−, HO−).
The binding energy of one water molecule to Li+ is
about 33 kcal/mol, much stronger than the usually quoted values
of less than 10 kcal/mol for the average strength of hydrogen
bonds between water molecules. Many thanks for making this site
available. Andreas A. Zavitsas, Dept. of Chemistry, Long Island
University, Brooklyn, NY. Monday, November 5, 2001 at 4:06 PM.
Dear Professor Chaplin, A quick scan suggests it to be comprehensive and interesting
to read. Personally I would not classify the 2nd critical point
of water to be a confirmed anomaly at this stage - the evidence
is circumstantial at this stage and not conclusive. Given that
the purported 2nd critical point appears to be in a region of
the phase diagram which is currently unreachable, it could stay
that way for a while. There is still a school of thought that
says that high-density amorphous ice may simply be a highly
distorted crystal, although I don't follow that view myself.
As for water being easy to supercool, may be, but I have tried
to do it in a neutron beam on several occasions, and failed
completely so far, despite listening to all the wisdom on
this issue. Thanks for letting me know about your website, which
I will put on my Favourites list!
Alan Soper.
: - Monday, January 22, 2001 at 8:46 AM
Dear Martin: Thank you for informing me
your water website. In fact, the website is interesting to
me. In feedback, I put my home page address in the following.
http://daisy.ims.ac.jp/index.html The home page is updated every year showing our latest research
contributions. Your activities overlaps extensively with mine.
So, you may find some interesting stuff there. Best regards,
Fumio Hirata
: - Monday, January 22, 2001 at 1:16 AM
Dear Mr. Chaplin: Your site is wonderful.
Thanks for developing it.
Lynn Thurston, PhD
: - Monday, January 15, 2001 at 10:49 (GMT)
Dear Professor Martin Chaplin: Thanks
for a very interesting and useful site. I am a cancer research
scientist. Based on your research and theory, I think that the
level of clustered water may be different between normal cell
and malignant cell. I would like to use clustered water for
cancer prevention research. I hope to collaborate with you in
the future.
Zhi Y. Wang, Ph.D. <
wangzhiyuan@hotmail.com>
OK - Wednesday, January 03, 2001 at 19:03:39 (GMT)
Dear Professor Martin Chaplin, Thank you
for your prompt response to my queries. If you have any suggestions
for addressing my problem in selecting frequencies that are
absorbed by water molecules and not by hydrated ions or vice
versa, please let me know. Congratulations for evolving a web-page
where all the information about water molecule can be retrieved
from one site. It is a great help. M. B. Sahasrabudhe. 18th
December 2000.
M. B. Sahasrabudhe
<
sahasrabudhemb@vsnl.com >
OK - Monday, December 18, 2000 at 01:43:57 (GMT)
Thanks for a very interesting and useful site. You and your
readers may find the site: http://www.watercluster.com relevant.
Keith Johnson
Keith Johnson -
http://www.watercluster.com <
breaksym@earthlink.net>
Useful - Tuesday, November 28, 2000 at 19:56:39 (GMT)
Thank you so much for a very interesting, well-structured and
informative homepage on water.
Inga Pagh <
ipagh@hotmail.com>
: - Thursday, November 9, 2000 at 13:40 (BST)
this is an extraordinary and extremely useful resource; thank
you
Carl Feickert <
c-feickert@cecer.army.mil>
: - Wednesday, November 8, 2000 at 22:36 (BST)
I have been looking for information on water structure around
the web. Your site is one of the best ones about that. Congratulations!.
I encourage you to continue improving. What about the effect
of pressure, temperature o ions on the water structure? Regards
from Canary Islands. Dr. J.J. Hernández-Brito
Jose Joaquin Hernandez Brito -
JOAQUIN@BRITO.COM <
JHDEZ@CICEI.ULPGC.ES>
OK - Saturday, October 21, 2000 at 23:26:22 (BST)
I love your water site
Mike Klymkowsky -
http://www.virtuallaboratory.net/ <
Michael.Klymkowsky@Colorado.EDU>
: - Sunday, October 15, 2000 at 20:06 (BST)
Your work on water structure is inspiring
Bill Holloway -
http://www.hydrateforlife.com/ <
Wdhgrh@aol.com>
: - Wednesday, October 11, 2000 at 15:02 (BST)
There is a wealth of information on water all in one place!!
The structures in Jmol are super. Actual data and reference
are given. Great site. THANKS!!!
Scott Sinex <
sinexsa@pg.cc.md.us>
Useful - Thursday, August 31, 2000 at 20:06:40 (BST)
Thank you for your interesting and informative collection of
material on water chemistry.
Vincent Patrick -
http://www.chem.com.au <
vap@chem.com.au>
Useful - Thursday, August 31, 2000 at 07:43:52 (BST)
Nice initiative this water page!
Hans De Loof <
hans.deloof@pandora.be>
: - Wednesday, July 12, 2000 at 13:23 (BST)
